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EMI Explained: How Loan Payments Are Calculated

jiwan Bayalkoti · Jun 26, 2026 · 7 min read

An Equated Monthly Installment (EMI) is a fixed payment that covers both interest and principal over the loan tenure. Early EMIs are interest-heavy; later EMIs pay down principal faster.

The standard EMI formula

For monthly compounding:

EMI = P × r × (1 + r)n ÷ ((1 + r)n − 1)

  • P = principal (loan amount)
  • r = monthly interest rate (annual rate ÷ 12 ÷ 100)
  • n = number of months

What changes your EMI

  • Higher principal → higher EMI
  • Higher rate → higher EMI
  • Longer tenure → lower EMI, but more total interest paid

Smart comparison checklist

Compare APR/effective rate, processing fees, prepayment charges, and total interest—not EMI alone. A slightly higher EMI with a shorter tenure often saves money.

Try different principal, rate, and tenure combinations in the EMI Calculator and Loan Calculator before you sign.

Calculators mentioned in this article

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